turing test - a proposal for a test of a machine's ability to demonstrate intelligence
neural net - often in reference to AI
certainty grid - referring to some of the work of Hans P. Moravec.
mind children - another moravec reference. 1988 book.
and while we are on the sci-fi thing:
charles stross
karl schroeder
ken mcleod
are some of my modern favorites. presenting the AI, nanotech, and post human ideas of morovec, kurzweil and many others as implicit and integral to the worlds they write about.